Define conscience
The most secret core and his sanctuary where he is alone with God. Moral conscience is present at the heart of the person, and he is alone with God. and triggers at the appropriate moment to do good or avoid. It also judges particular choices approving some and denouncing others.
What is vice?
A habitual tendency to sin, in which a person may lose sight of what is actually good, by their own fault. A vicious person chooses evil regularly and with ease.
What is natural law?
Part of moral law that can be known through human reason and so is said to be inscribed on the human heart. The first precept of this law, which all humans know is, “do good and avoid evil”. Persons use their reason and conscience to know what the good actually is in various moral scenarios.
What is virtue?
Human virtues are firm attitudes, stable dispositions, habitual perfections of intellect and will, that govern our actions, order our passions and guide our conduct according to reason and faith.
What are theological virtues?
- Faith
- Hope
- Charity
What are cardinal virtues?
- Prudence
- Justice
- Fortitude
- Temperance
What is autonomy?
Free self-direction; responsibility.
Define ethics
A discipline that deals with the nature of the good, the nature of the human person, and criteria that we use for making right judgments.
Define morality
A system of right conduct based on fundamental beliefs and obligation to follow certain codes, norms, customs and habits of behaviour.
Define moral virtue
attitudes, dispositions, and good habits that govern one’s actions and conduct according to reason.
What are obligations?
Something you are bound to do by duty; your responsibility.
What is free will?
The human power to choose, and is an intellectual appetite. Free will is shown in human beings in their ability to act against their dominant instincts, which animals never do. The Church emphasizes the important link between free will and responsibility. A gift from God to choose “the good” for the well-being of ourselves and the community.
Define revelations
The ways that God makes Himself known to humankind. God is fully revealed in Jesus Christ. The sacred Scriptures, proclaimed within the Church, are the revealed Word of God. God also reveals Self through people and indeed through all of creation.
Define the gift of knowledge
The gift of knowing and enlightenment. Enables you to choose the right path that will lead you to God.
What are continents?
Define responsibility
Being morally accountable for one’s actions. Responsibility presumes knowledge, freedom, and the ability to choose and to act
St. Thomas Aquinas’s contribution to moral thinking?
He insisted that the ethical comes from the end that is inscribed in the nature of all creatures. A person’s core is the desire for the good. God = highest good People live the good life by using their intelligence and their capabilities. To use intellectual capacities, one must follow the natural law.
- To him, it is the light of understanding placed in us by God, through it we know what we have to do and what to avoid (reasoning)
What is responsibility in a moral context?
What is continence?
The virtue by which a person controls the unruly movements of sexual desire or other bodily emotions. It is connected with the virtue of temperance
Define the gift of wisdom
Knowing the right choices to make to live a holy life. Helps you to avoid the things that could lead you away from God.
Define is sin
A kind of evil, a failure in love for God, neighbour, and self. It is a freely chosen action or failure to act that goes against God’s law and harms our relationships with Him and Others
What are the 7 gifts of the Holy Spirit?
- Wisdom
- Understanding
- Right Judgement/Council
- Fortitude
- Knowledge
- Reverence
- Fear of the Lord
What are the 12 fruits of the Holy Spirit?
- Love
- Joy
- Peace
- Patience
- Kindness
- Goodness
- Generosity
- Gentleness
- Faithfulness
- Modesty
- Self-Control
- Chastity
What is an immoral act?
An act in which the person chooses what is not good, intentionally or perhaps due to an error in the judgement of conscience or the person perceived the choice to be good
What is a moral act?
A human act that involves reason and free will. To be done in good conscience, and be aligned with objective moral truth.
List the three senses of conscience
- Conscience is a capacity of being human. Highlights our basic orientation towards the good.
- Conscience is a process of moral reasoning. We have to question our actions and respond according to the information we gather.
- Conscience is a judgement. It is incomplete until we act on it
Define restorative justice
A process that brings together victims, offenders , and the community in order to repair the harm and promote harmony. It emphasizes healing the harm caused by crime by means of naming the truth and making amends personally.
What is grace?
The gift of God’s life and life at the centre of our existence through the indwelling of the Holy Spirit.
What is Truth
Jesus is the truth
What is a moral principle?
A basic truth we use to set rules of conduct. We must always challenge civil laws which do not align with Jesus’ gospel.
What is divine law?
The revealed Word of God, offered to us through revelation because we need to be guided to our supernatural destiny, the beatific vision, and since our reason is inadequate to reveal it to us.
What is eternal law?
These are the rules of the universe; all of creation, including the universe, is governed by God who is eternal
Define moral stance
My moral orientation or direction in life; what I “stand for.”
What are passions in the moral or ethical sense?
Feelings, desires, or emotions, they are neither good nor evil, but are morally good when they contribute to a good action, and morally evil when they contribute to an evil action.
What is pre-conventional moral thinking?
Infants and preschool children make moral decisions based on the fear of being punished and the need to fulfill their own desires Fear serves as a motive for action
What is conventional moral thinking?
Trust, caring, and loyalty to others becomes more central. They beg into influence moral judgement. Rules are followed out of respect for others and obedience to authority.
What is post-conventional moral thinking?
Reach during adult years. Moral choices are based on principles of justice and a concern for the common good. Laws and obligations become less important
What is social sin?
Refers to the fact that personal sins can give rise to social situations and institutions that are sinful.
- Ex. Holocaust, apartheid, genocide, terrorism
List the Four Causes of all Natural Beings
- Matter: a material cause is the aspect of the change or movement which is determines by the material that composes the moving or changing things. For a human, that may be cells.
- Form: a formal cause is due to the arrangement of the thing changing or moving.
- Agency or Efficiency: an efficient cause consists of thing apart from the thing being changed or moved. The efficient cause of a table is a carpenter. Boy → Father
- End or Purpose: a final cause is that for the sake of which a thing is changing or moving. A seed’s end is an adult plant.